Market analysis in Nepalese context:
The Location Factor
The prospective buyers of high rise apartments are mostly varied from middle class to upper class to high class. As per as location of the project site - almost everyone prefers a location within the Ring Road – a desire probably based on the lack of facilities and infrastructure outside it. Therefore the apartments within ring road are more preferable by the buyers.
The Design Factor
The other issue buyers are concerned about is the number of bedrooms, and here, the culture of design is usually 2 to 4 bedrooms. Among the apartment complexes that are coming up, Park View Horizon at Dhapasi, offers an extra with a total of 5 bedrooms in their design, which could be attractive for those with large families - except for the price tag. Although it lies outside the Ring Road, the price range of these apartments is such that it caters to buyers in the upper income group only. Hence if it is to be argued as above with respect to the site location, it becomes questionable as to the method of pricing adopted.
Sometimes even the design as well as the project scheme can make the cost go high. For instance the apartments at Central Park, offered by Clean Developers Pvt. Ltd., have brought in the internationally recognized ARCOP Associates from Delhi - a Canadian based design firm. The project, supported by Triodos Bank of Netherlands (who invest in sustainable real estate solutions), quotes “One with nature – energy efficient green homes”, with ‘Green’ denoting reduction of energy consumption. Although the term ‘Green’ does include a lot of other factors, working on this design principal can dramatically reduce the running cost of the apartment, even though the initial cost becomes relatively high.
The Investment Factor
The general trend of housing is targeting the upper middle class to high class people. This group of people is a class normally well established in society. They do have the buying capacity but most buy the property more as an investment possibility. Although the loans provided by banks seem to be relatively secure as they are against the mortgage of property, too much liquidity could make the bank difficult to sustain.
Nowadays bank loans are easily accessed, which is one major selling factor. Hence with minimum investment, one can easily opt to buy a house or an apartment. But this too has had little effect in bringing down the cost and the range of affordability is still high. To make it reachable to all income level groups, some effort from the government side is required. For instance, developing required infrastructure, like access roads and providing water and electricity would free the developers from adding these costs onto the project and more effort could be concentrated into land development and planning. The user occupancy will increase only when the houses and flats are economically reachable to all interested, potential buyers.
The Facilities Factor
Moving on to other issues that the buyers were concerned about were the orientation of the building, parking facilities, potable water, fire protection, earthquake safety and not to forget Vaastu. Most Developers do cater to and have a ready answer as to having ample space for parking, but with added cost to the apartment/home price. Fire protection system and earthquake resistance also seem to be provided for, as it is a mandatory requirement in the building byelaws. However, whether these vital safety measures have been actually implemented during construction phase remains a matter of faith, since there is no monitoring system from the authorities.
As for Vaastu, most buyers seem so overwhelmed by it that the developers have no option than to confirm its incorporation one way or the other. In fact, some even claim 100 % compliance to the design principles of Vaastu! Unfortunately, this added requirement confines the architect on planning possibilities, which at times become impractical and illogical to give justice to the final design. Vaastu, as we all know, originated from South India. Its design principles are based on the Hindu religion and seem to follow solutions to climatic conditions of this hot region. Therefore, as an example, how logical it would be to place maximum openings and balconies towards the North in this predominantly cold region is a matter of the designer’s conscience and the owners acceptance. The upcoming KL Residency promoted by Dugar Group promises a different project with maximum incorporation of Vaastu. No doubt it will be different from that of the others, but at the same time, it will also be very different from Kathmandu context as well.
Buildings as such have to respond to nature, to the climate, the environment and culture it belongs to, and it should not be blatantly driven by some kind of alien factor as such. Rather, we should have our own socially and culturally driven principles that can guide us to being smart and wise to make decisions as what we want and what we need to avoid. In fact, maybe we need our own Kathmandu based Vaastu!!
One of the most serious issues of community housing is its water supply provision. With the authorities being unable to provide even a reasonable quantity of potable water to its existing subscribers, developers are left with little option than to opt for other means for the same – primarily, shallow or deep boring. While almost every developer has deep boring as an alternative solution for unavailability of government water supply, every second house either has a shallow well or a bore hole. The extent of water being drawn out from the ground is indeed alarming, and with no statistics nor government policy to bind and control its haphazard use, long term consequences could be unimaginably disastrous. However, there is a cyclic remedy which could contribute partially to its sustainability to certain limits and that is the rain water harvesting technique. Every responsible citizen must take the initiative of rain water harvesting - be it from the house-hold level or from huge community dwellings. Rain Water Harvesting is a system to capture the rain water when it rains; store that water above ground or charge the underground; and use it later when required. This is a natural phenomenon in open rural areas. But where cities are congested and over-paved, it is necessary to devise methods and plan according to capture the rain water as it falls. Nature is there to be used but not exploited.
The Apartment Factor
The apartment trend is an avant-grade culture and is getting popular for many reasons. Transformation in social behavior, busy working life, unavailability of land and a better solution for occupancy in a highly congested city, could be some of the issues for people being attracted to such living. However, in a society so steeped in culture and tradition like ours, the nature of settlement pattern is completely different. This implies that in our case, living in apartments is rather a forced culture. But everything is changing and nobody can confront these changes that time brings along with it. People need to adjust accordingly and change their behavior to adapt to the surroundings which therefore gives rise to a new generation.
Monday, May 10, 2010
LITERATURE REVIEW apartments
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction:
An apartment, or flat, is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building. Such a building may be called an apartment building, especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. Apartments may be owned by an owner/occupier or rented by tenants.
In simple words apartment is the building in which accommodation is provided for 3 or more families living independently of one another
Historical background:
High-rise apartment buildings had already appeared in ancient antiquity: the “insulae in ancient Rome” and several other cities in the Roman Empire, some of which might have reached up to 10 or more stories, one reportedly having 200 stairs.
In Egypt, there were many high-rise residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people. Al-Muqaddasi in the 10th century described them as resembling minarets, while Nasir Khusraw in the early 11th century described some of them rising up to 14 stories, with roof gardens on the top storey complete with ox-drawn water wheels for irrigating them. By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were rented out to tenants.
The 16th century Yemeni city of Shibam is made up of over 500 tower houses,each one rising 5 to 11 stories high, with each floor having one or two apartments. The city has the tallest mud buildings in the world, with some of them over 30 meters (100 feet) high.
During the 19th century tenements became the predominant type of new housing in Scotland's industrial cities, although they were very common in the Old Town in Edinburgh from the 15th century where they reached ten or eleven storeys high and in one case fourteen storeys. Built of sandstone or granite, Scottish tenements are usually three to five storeys in height, with two to four flats on each floor.
In 1839, the first New York City tenement was built, housing mainly poor immigrants. The Dakota (1884) was one of the first luxury apartment buildings in New York City. The majority, however, remained tenements. Some significant developments in architectural design of apartment buildings came out of the 1950s and 60s.
Apartments were popular in Canada, particularly in urban centres like Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal in the 1950s to 1970s. By the 1980s, many multi-unit buildings were being constructed as condominiums instead of apartments, and both are now very common. Specifically in Toronto, high-rise apartments and condominiums have been spread around the city, giving almost every major suburb a skyline
The earliest apartment buildings were in the major cities of Sydney and Melbourne as the response to fast rising land values. Melbourne Mansions on Collins Street, Melbourne (now demolished), built in 1906 for mostly wealthy residents is believed by many to be the earliest.
NEED OF APARTMENTS
Scarcity of land.
Higher land value
Inconveniency of services like water supply in individual level
Inconveniency of construction work in individual level.
security and privacy
Increase in population
migration to city
trend of parent-child unit eliminating the extended family concept
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH RISE APARTMENTS
• Two entrances/exits, front and back
• Laundry, water, heating, telephone, cable, electricity facilities common, parking, air conditioner, extra storage, garbage disposed in trash containers, provision of fire escape and lifts because of the no. of stories
• Space must be simple and universal for variety of lifestyles
• Balconies for asthetic purpose , visual extention of living space, outdoor sitting area, green area, extra storage space
AMENITIES & SERVICES:
PUBLIC FACILITIES:
• WATER SUPPLY
• LAUNDRY AND DRIER
• ELECTRICITY
• SURFACE DRAINGE
• GARBAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR LANE
COMMUNITY FACILITIES:
• TELECOMMUNICATION
• PARK AND PLAYGROUND
• MULTIPURPOSE HALL
• SECURITY
• HEALTHCARE & RECREATIONAL SPA
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES:
MARKET & STORES
BANK
ENTERTAINMENT SECTOR
FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH RISE APARTMENTS:
Land topography: slope – economics
Available materials/ technology: steel structure
Skilled manpower
Market situation: people to buy, available land
TYPES OF APARTMENTS:
A. According to vertical movement
1.Central corridor:
Most economical type of high-rise apartment. Max. Gross floor area with minimum number of of stairs and elevators. Orientation as major factor for light.
2.Point block
Point block is schematically a square or near square..Apartments are planned along all sides in a ring pattern around the core. Its radial expansion is limited. It can take many shapes (having own inherent limitations)
3.Multi core
A rhythm created with numbers of point block types. It is used to satisfy variety of factors like site condition. It provides a sense of seclusion and improved surveillance. Undeniably costlier than central corridor and point block system
4.Exterior corridor system
Apartments can have two exteriors zones due to form of access. it is Logical if use is in moderate climate as for cross ventilation. It is not an economical type of housing-each apartment carries twice the amount of corridor cost of central corridor scheme
5.Skid stop system
Skip-stop- apartment have 2-3 levels with half floor differences. It is two story apartment with interior stairs. The Stair- the connector between various levels plays a relatively minor role as an aesthetic element. There is two level living space for an aesthetic pleasure.
B. According to design
1. Simplex apartments
• Most common and simplest type.
• All the components are in one level.
• Size varies from Efficiency up to Multi-bedroom unit.
• Simplex and most economic to built.
• Simplified circulation.
• Planning can be followed in High-rise as well as in Garden Apartment.
• More floor area due to corridors and stairs.
• The type is usually blend with other type
2.Duplex apartments
• located on two levels.
• Living, dining and kitchen on one level and sleeping on upper level.
• Separation of sleeping and living provides greater privacy.
• elimination of corridor and elevator as the economic factor.
• Both levels can have through ventilation.
• Need of interior stair – sever problem for handicapped and elderly people.
• Has more prestige and values than other.
• Expensive than conventional
3.Triplex apartments
• Located on three different levels.-
• Functions are similar to that of duplex type
• Restricted to most luxurious hi-rise apartment.
• Greater privacy and livability.-
• Interior staircase most be provided
4.Efficiency apartments
• One large space-living, dining, sleeping, kitchen and toilet.
• Apartment for single person, newly married couple, elderly etc.
• Referred as “STUDIO APARTMENT" when efficiency units increase.
• Often less than minimum area is provided for subsidiary functions
c. According to no. of bedrooms
Single
Double
3 bedroom
4 bedroom
APARTMENT DESIGN PROCEDURES:
50 apartments in a block or above 10000 sq. m. – process of getting approval – Town Development Committee – byelaws (planning permit)
EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) – takes 1 year to complete
All construction drawings submitted to Bhawan Biyag – defend structural analysis
High Rise Building – Department of Aviation – check the height of the building (above 30 m)
Then only get the permission to construction – pay taxes to municipality
This long process – problems for developers – bank loan – interest – rise in price for buyers
Problem – constructions without EIA – no ownership certificate
BYELAWS
Minimum land area should be 2 Ropani
Maximum ground should be 50% of the total
FAR excluding old city areas should be: Terai : 1.5, Mountain : 2, Kathmandu Core City: 3, Kathmandu Outer City: 3.5
The main access road should have minimum width of
-4 m for 4 housing unit
- 4.5m for 10 housing unit
- 6m for 50 housing unit
-8m for 80 housing unit
-dead end can only be on straight road and the maximum length should be 100m
-the radius of driving curve should be 9m and the intersection curve of 2 roads have minimum radius of half the width of the road.
Open spaces for city areas of Terai: 40%, Mountain: 30%, Kathmandu Valley: 30%
Width of main gate should be minimum 4.5m.
REGION TERAI MOUNTAIN KATHMANDU
Front 8m 6m 6m
Back 6m 4m 4m
Side 6m 4m 4m
Minimum set back should be: Front: for Terai 8 m, Mountain 6 m, Kathmandu 6 m , Back and Side: Terai 6m, Mountain 4 m, Ktm 4m
The distance between two blocks in the city areas of Terai, mountain and Kathmandu valley region should be 6 m
Ground floor, basement or semi basement of these apartments should not be used as housing purpose. If those ground floor, basement or semi basement is used as lift well, electrical room, water tank then that area is not counted in FAR.
Basic infrastructure like water supply, drainage should be fully equipped. Lift, Fire escape stair, stand by generator, overhead tank (20,000 lit), underground tank (50,000 lit) should compulsory provided.
Minimum parking area for a housing unit of area 80 m2 or more should have a space for 1 car, 2 motorbikes, and 2 bicycles. For every 4 housing units, area less than 80 m2 should have space for 1 car, 4 motorbikes, and 4 bicycles.
The height of a building cannot exceed, H = 2 x (a+b+c)
BYELAWS OF KATHMANDU VALLEY
• MAX GROUND COVERAGE – 50%
• MAX FAR – 3
• MIN PARKING AREA – 15% TOTAL LAND
• MIN CIRCULATION – 15% OF TOTAL LAND
• MIN OPEN OR GREEN SPACE – 20% OF TOTAL LAND
• MIN SET BACK IN BOTH SIDE AND BACK SIDE – 4M
• MIN SET BACK IN FRONT – 6M
• MIN GAP BETWEEN 2 BLOCKS – 6M
• IF GROUND FLOORS BASEMENT OR SEMI BASEMENT IS USED FOR LIFTWELL, WATER TANK, THEN AREA IS NOT COUNTED IN FAR
• MIN WIDTH OF MAIN GATE – 4.5M
• LIFT OF ESCALATOR SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR BLDG WITH HEIGHT MORE THEN 17M
• FIRE ESCAPE STAIR, STAND BY GENERATOR, OVER HEAD TANK OF CAPACITY 20,000LTRS AND UNDERGROUND TANK OF 50,000 SHOULD BE COMPULSARILY PROVIDED
Introduction:
An apartment, or flat, is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building. Such a building may be called an apartment building, especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. Apartments may be owned by an owner/occupier or rented by tenants.
In simple words apartment is the building in which accommodation is provided for 3 or more families living independently of one another
Historical background:
High-rise apartment buildings had already appeared in ancient antiquity: the “insulae in ancient Rome” and several other cities in the Roman Empire, some of which might have reached up to 10 or more stories, one reportedly having 200 stairs.
In Egypt, there were many high-rise residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people. Al-Muqaddasi in the 10th century described them as resembling minarets, while Nasir Khusraw in the early 11th century described some of them rising up to 14 stories, with roof gardens on the top storey complete with ox-drawn water wheels for irrigating them. By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were rented out to tenants.
The 16th century Yemeni city of Shibam is made up of over 500 tower houses,each one rising 5 to 11 stories high, with each floor having one or two apartments. The city has the tallest mud buildings in the world, with some of them over 30 meters (100 feet) high.
During the 19th century tenements became the predominant type of new housing in Scotland's industrial cities, although they were very common in the Old Town in Edinburgh from the 15th century where they reached ten or eleven storeys high and in one case fourteen storeys. Built of sandstone or granite, Scottish tenements are usually three to five storeys in height, with two to four flats on each floor.
In 1839, the first New York City tenement was built, housing mainly poor immigrants. The Dakota (1884) was one of the first luxury apartment buildings in New York City. The majority, however, remained tenements. Some significant developments in architectural design of apartment buildings came out of the 1950s and 60s.
Apartments were popular in Canada, particularly in urban centres like Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal in the 1950s to 1970s. By the 1980s, many multi-unit buildings were being constructed as condominiums instead of apartments, and both are now very common. Specifically in Toronto, high-rise apartments and condominiums have been spread around the city, giving almost every major suburb a skyline
The earliest apartment buildings were in the major cities of Sydney and Melbourne as the response to fast rising land values. Melbourne Mansions on Collins Street, Melbourne (now demolished), built in 1906 for mostly wealthy residents is believed by many to be the earliest.
NEED OF APARTMENTS
Scarcity of land.
Higher land value
Inconveniency of services like water supply in individual level
Inconveniency of construction work in individual level.
security and privacy
Increase in population
migration to city
trend of parent-child unit eliminating the extended family concept
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH RISE APARTMENTS
• Two entrances/exits, front and back
• Laundry, water, heating, telephone, cable, electricity facilities common, parking, air conditioner, extra storage, garbage disposed in trash containers, provision of fire escape and lifts because of the no. of stories
• Space must be simple and universal for variety of lifestyles
• Balconies for asthetic purpose , visual extention of living space, outdoor sitting area, green area, extra storage space
AMENITIES & SERVICES:
PUBLIC FACILITIES:
• WATER SUPPLY
• LAUNDRY AND DRIER
• ELECTRICITY
• SURFACE DRAINGE
• GARBAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR LANE
COMMUNITY FACILITIES:
• TELECOMMUNICATION
• PARK AND PLAYGROUND
• MULTIPURPOSE HALL
• SECURITY
• HEALTHCARE & RECREATIONAL SPA
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES:
MARKET & STORES
BANK
ENTERTAINMENT SECTOR
FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH RISE APARTMENTS:
Land topography: slope – economics
Available materials/ technology: steel structure
Skilled manpower
Market situation: people to buy, available land
TYPES OF APARTMENTS:
A. According to vertical movement
1.Central corridor:
Most economical type of high-rise apartment. Max. Gross floor area with minimum number of of stairs and elevators. Orientation as major factor for light.
2.Point block
Point block is schematically a square or near square..Apartments are planned along all sides in a ring pattern around the core. Its radial expansion is limited. It can take many shapes (having own inherent limitations)
3.Multi core
A rhythm created with numbers of point block types. It is used to satisfy variety of factors like site condition. It provides a sense of seclusion and improved surveillance. Undeniably costlier than central corridor and point block system
4.Exterior corridor system
Apartments can have two exteriors zones due to form of access. it is Logical if use is in moderate climate as for cross ventilation. It is not an economical type of housing-each apartment carries twice the amount of corridor cost of central corridor scheme
5.Skid stop system
Skip-stop- apartment have 2-3 levels with half floor differences. It is two story apartment with interior stairs. The Stair- the connector between various levels plays a relatively minor role as an aesthetic element. There is two level living space for an aesthetic pleasure.
B. According to design
1. Simplex apartments
• Most common and simplest type.
• All the components are in one level.
• Size varies from Efficiency up to Multi-bedroom unit.
• Simplex and most economic to built.
• Simplified circulation.
• Planning can be followed in High-rise as well as in Garden Apartment.
• More floor area due to corridors and stairs.
• The type is usually blend with other type
2.Duplex apartments
• located on two levels.
• Living, dining and kitchen on one level and sleeping on upper level.
• Separation of sleeping and living provides greater privacy.
• elimination of corridor and elevator as the economic factor.
• Both levels can have through ventilation.
• Need of interior stair – sever problem for handicapped and elderly people.
• Has more prestige and values than other.
• Expensive than conventional
3.Triplex apartments
• Located on three different levels.-
• Functions are similar to that of duplex type
• Restricted to most luxurious hi-rise apartment.
• Greater privacy and livability.-
• Interior staircase most be provided
4.Efficiency apartments
• One large space-living, dining, sleeping, kitchen and toilet.
• Apartment for single person, newly married couple, elderly etc.
• Referred as “STUDIO APARTMENT" when efficiency units increase.
• Often less than minimum area is provided for subsidiary functions
c. According to no. of bedrooms
Single
Double
3 bedroom
4 bedroom
APARTMENT DESIGN PROCEDURES:
50 apartments in a block or above 10000 sq. m. – process of getting approval – Town Development Committee – byelaws (planning permit)
EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) – takes 1 year to complete
All construction drawings submitted to Bhawan Biyag – defend structural analysis
High Rise Building – Department of Aviation – check the height of the building (above 30 m)
Then only get the permission to construction – pay taxes to municipality
This long process – problems for developers – bank loan – interest – rise in price for buyers
Problem – constructions without EIA – no ownership certificate
BYELAWS
Minimum land area should be 2 Ropani
Maximum ground should be 50% of the total
FAR excluding old city areas should be: Terai : 1.5, Mountain : 2, Kathmandu Core City: 3, Kathmandu Outer City: 3.5
The main access road should have minimum width of
-4 m for 4 housing unit
- 4.5m for 10 housing unit
- 6m for 50 housing unit
-8m for 80 housing unit
-dead end can only be on straight road and the maximum length should be 100m
-the radius of driving curve should be 9m and the intersection curve of 2 roads have minimum radius of half the width of the road.
Open spaces for city areas of Terai: 40%, Mountain: 30%, Kathmandu Valley: 30%
Width of main gate should be minimum 4.5m.
REGION TERAI MOUNTAIN KATHMANDU
Front 8m 6m 6m
Back 6m 4m 4m
Side 6m 4m 4m
Minimum set back should be: Front: for Terai 8 m, Mountain 6 m, Kathmandu 6 m , Back and Side: Terai 6m, Mountain 4 m, Ktm 4m
The distance between two blocks in the city areas of Terai, mountain and Kathmandu valley region should be 6 m
Ground floor, basement or semi basement of these apartments should not be used as housing purpose. If those ground floor, basement or semi basement is used as lift well, electrical room, water tank then that area is not counted in FAR.
Basic infrastructure like water supply, drainage should be fully equipped. Lift, Fire escape stair, stand by generator, overhead tank (20,000 lit), underground tank (50,000 lit) should compulsory provided.
Minimum parking area for a housing unit of area 80 m2 or more should have a space for 1 car, 2 motorbikes, and 2 bicycles. For every 4 housing units, area less than 80 m2 should have space for 1 car, 4 motorbikes, and 4 bicycles.
The height of a building cannot exceed, H = 2 x (a+b+c)
BYELAWS OF KATHMANDU VALLEY
• MAX GROUND COVERAGE – 50%
• MAX FAR – 3
• MIN PARKING AREA – 15% TOTAL LAND
• MIN CIRCULATION – 15% OF TOTAL LAND
• MIN OPEN OR GREEN SPACE – 20% OF TOTAL LAND
• MIN SET BACK IN BOTH SIDE AND BACK SIDE – 4M
• MIN SET BACK IN FRONT – 6M
• MIN GAP BETWEEN 2 BLOCKS – 6M
• IF GROUND FLOORS BASEMENT OR SEMI BASEMENT IS USED FOR LIFTWELL, WATER TANK, THEN AREA IS NOT COUNTED IN FAR
• MIN WIDTH OF MAIN GATE – 4.5M
• LIFT OF ESCALATOR SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR BLDG WITH HEIGHT MORE THEN 17M
• FIRE ESCAPE STAIR, STAND BY GENERATOR, OVER HEAD TANK OF CAPACITY 20,000LTRS AND UNDERGROUND TANK OF 50,000 SHOULD BE COMPULSARILY PROVIDED
Saturday, December 26, 2009
COLOUR: meaning ,symbolism and pschology
COLOUR: meaning ,symbolism and pschology
Meaning of the Color Blue
Blue is the overwhelming "favorite color." Blue is seen as trustworthy, dependable and committed. The color of sky and the ocean, blue is perceived as a constant in our lives.As the collective color of the spirit, it invokes rest and can cause the body to produce chemicals that are calming; however not all blues are serene and sedate. Electric or brilliant blues become dynamic and dramatic, an engaging color that expresses exhilaration.
Some shades or the overuse of blue may come across as cold or uncaring. Blue is the least "gender specific" color, having equal appeal to both men and women.
How the color blue affects us physically and mentally
* Calming and sedate
* Cooling
* Aids intuition
Meaning of the Color Green
Green occupies more space in the spectrum visible to the human eye and is second only to blue as a favorite color. Green is the pervasive color in the natural world that is an ideal backdrop in interior design because we are so used to seeing it everywhere.The natural greens, from forest to lime, are seen as tranquil and refreshing, with a natural balance of cool and warm (blue and yellow) undertones. Green is considered the color of peace and ecology. However, there is an "institutional" side to green, associated with illness or Government-issued that conjure up negative emotions as do the "slimy" or bilious greens.
How the color green affects us physically and mentally
* Soothing
* Relaxing mentally as well as physically
* Helps alleviate depression, nervousness and anxiety
* Offers a sense of renewal, self-control and harmony
Meaning of the Color Yellow
Yellow shines with optimism, enlightenment, and happiness. Shades of golden yellow carry the promise of a positive future. Yellow will advance from surrounding colors and instill optimism and energy, as well as spark creative thoughts.How the color yellow affects us mentally and physically
* Mentally stimulating
* Stimulates the nervous system
* Activates memory
* Encourages communication
Meaning of the Color Orange
Orange, a close relative of red, sparks more controversy than any other hue. There is usually strong positive or negative association to orange and true orange generally elicits a stronger "love it" or "hate it" response than other colors. Fun and flamboyant orange radiates warmth and energy. Interestingly, some of the tones of orange such as terra cotta, peach or rust have very broad appeal.
How the color orange affects us mentally and physically
* Stimulates activity
* Stimulates appetite
* Encourages socialization
Meaning of the Color Red
Red has more personal associations than any other color. Recognized as a stimulant red is inherently exciting and the amount of red is directly related to the level of energy perceived. Red draws attention and a keen use of red as an accent can immediately focus attention on a particular element.
How the color red affects us mentally and physically
* Increases enthusiasm
* Stimulates energy
* Encourages action and confidence
* A sense of protection from fears and anxiety
Meaning of the Color Purple
Purple embodies the balance of red simulation and blue calm. This dichotomy can cause unrest or uneasiness unless the undertone is clearly defined at which point the purple takes on the characteristics of its undertone. A sense of mystic and royal qualities, purple is a color often well liked by very creative or eccentric types and is the favorite color of adolescent girls.
How the color purple affects us mentally and physically
* Uplifting
* Calming to mind and nerves
* Offers a sense of spirituality
* Encourages creativity
Meaning of the Color Brown
Brown says stability, reliability, and approachability. It is the color of our earth and is associated with all things natural or organic.
How the color brown affects us physically and mentally
* Feeling of wholesomeness
* Stability
* Connection with the earth
* Offers a sense orderliness
Meaning of the Color White
White projects purity, cleanliness, and neutrality. Doctors don white coats, brides traditionally were white gowns and a white picket fence surrounds a safe and happy home.
How the color white affects us mentally and physically
* aids mental clarity
* encourages us to clear clutter or obstacles
* evokes purification of thoughts or actions
* enables fresh beginnings
Meaning of the Color Gray
Gray is timeless, practical, and solid. A longstanding favorite suit color, gray can mix well with any color. Although well like and often worn, people rarely name gray as a favorite color possibly because Gray also is associated with loss or depression.
How the color gray affects us physically and mentally
* unsettling
* expectant
Meaning of the Color Black
Black is authoritative and powerful; because black can evoke strong emotions too much can be overwhelming. A classic color for clothing possibly because it makes the wearer appear thinner and more sophisticated.
How the color black affects us physically and mentally
* feeling inconspicuous
* a restful emptiness
* mysterious evoking a sense of potential and possibility.
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